Thelen works in the areas of comparative politics and comparative political economy. Her research focuses on the origins and evolution of political-economic institutions in the rich democracies, with an emphasis on Western Europe and the United States. Her current work situates the American political economy in a broad comparative perspective, exploring the distinctive features that set the United States apart from other rich democracies. A related strand of work focuses on the political economy of the new “knowledge economy,” including the politics of platform capitalism. She has also contributed to the literature on Comparative Historical Analysis and Historical Institutionalism.
Her research awards include the Aaron Wildavsky Enduring Contribution Prize (2019); the Michael Endres Research Prize (2019), the Barrington Moore Book Prize (2015), the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award of the APSR (2005), the Mattei Dogan Award for Comparative Research (2006), and the Max Planck Research Award (2003).